Centre Blaise Pascal » Bench4GPU

#!/usr/bin/env python3

#

# Pi-by-MonteCarlo using PyCUDA/PyOpenCL

#

# performs an estimation of Pi using Monte Carlo method

# a large amount of iterations is divided and distributed to compute units

# a lot of options are provided to perform scalabilty tests

#

# use -h for complete set of options

#

# CC BY-NC-SA 2011 : Emmanuel QUEMENER <emmanuel.quemener@ens-lyon.fr>

#

# Part of matrix programs from: https://forge.cbp.ens-lyon.fr/svn/bench4gpu/

# Thanks to Andreas Klockner for PyCUDA:

# http://mathema.tician.de/software/pycuda

# Thanks to Andreas Klockner for PyOpenCL:

# http://mathema.tician.de/software/pyopencl

#

# 2013-01-01 : problems with launch timeout

# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/497685/how-do-you-get-around-the-maximum-cuda-run-time

# Option "Interactive" "0" in /etc/X11/xorg.conf

# Common tools

import numpy

from numpy.random import randint as nprnd

import sys

import getopt

import time

import itertools

from socket import gethostname

class PenStacle:

    """Pentacle of Statistics from data"""

    Avg=0

    Med=0

    Std=0

    Min=0

    Max=0

    def __init__(self,Data):

        self.Avg=numpy.average(Data)

        self.Med=numpy.median(Data)

        self.Std=numpy.std(Data)

        self.Max=numpy.max(Data)

        self.Min=numpy.min(Data)

    def display(self):

        print("%s %s %s %s %s" % (self.Avg,self.Med,self.Std,self.Min,self.Max))

class Experience:

    """Metrology for experiences"""

    DeviceStyle=''

    DeviceId=0

    AvgD=0

    MedD=0

    StdD=0

    MinD=0

    MaxD=0

    AvgR=0

    MedR=0

    StdR=0

    MinR=0

    MaxR=0

    def __init__(self,DeviceStyle,DeviceId,Iterations):

        self.DeviceStyle=DeviceStyle

        self.DeviceId=DeviceId

        self.Iterations

    def Metrology(self,Data):

        Duration=PenStacle(Data)

        Rate=PenStacle(Iterations/Data)

        print("Duration %s" % Duration)

        print("Rate %s" % Rate)

def DictionariesAPI():

    Marsaglia={'CONG':0,'SHR3':1,'MWC':2,'KISS':3}

    Computing={'INT32':0,'INT64':1,'FP32':2,'FP64':3}

    Test={True:1,False:0}

    return(Marsaglia,Computing,Test)

# find prime factors of a number

# Get for WWW :

# http://pythonism.wordpress.com/2008/05/17/looking-at-factorisation-in-python/

def PrimeFactors(x):

    factorlist=numpy.array([]).astype('uint32')

    loop=2

    while loop<=x:

        if x%loop==0:

            x/=loop

            factorlist=numpy.append(factorlist,[loop])

        else:

            loop+=1

    return factorlist

# Try to find the best thread number in Hybrid approach (Blocks&Threads)

# output is thread number

def BestThreadsNumber(jobs):

    factors=PrimeFactors(jobs)

    matrix=numpy.append([factors],[factors[::-1]],axis=0)

    threads=1

    for factor in matrix.transpose().ravel():

        threads=threads*factor

        if threads*threads>jobs or threads>512:

            break

    return(long(threads))

# Predicted Amdahl Law (Reduced with s=1-p)

def AmdahlR(N, T1, p):

    return (T1*(1-p+p/N))

# Predicted Amdahl Law

def Amdahl(N, T1, s, p):

    return (T1*(s+p/N))

# Predicted Mylq Law with first order

def Mylq(N, T1,s,c,p):

    return (T1*(s+p/N)+c*N)

# Predicted Mylq Law with second order

def Mylq2(N, T1,s,c1,c2,p):

    return (T1*(s+p/N)+c1*N+c2*N*N)

def KernelCodeCuda():

    KERNEL_CODE_CUDA="""

#define TCONG 0

#define TSHR3 1

#define TMWC 2

#define TKISS 3

#define TINT32 0

#define TINT64 1

#define TFP32 2

#define TFP64 3

#define IFTHEN 1

// Marsaglia RNG very simple implementation

#define znew  ((z=36969*(z&65535)+(z>>16))<<16)

#define wnew  ((w=18000*(w&65535)+(w>>16))&65535)

#define MWC   (znew+wnew)

#define SHR3  (jsr=(jsr=(jsr=jsr^(jsr<<17))^(jsr>>13))^(jsr<<5))

#define CONG  (jcong=69069*jcong+1234567)

#define KISS  ((MWC^CONG)+SHR3)

#define MWCfp MWC * 2.328306435454494e-10f

#define KISSfp KISS * 2.328306435454494e-10f

#define SHR3fp SHR3 * 2.328306435454494e-10f

#define CONGfp CONG * 2.328306435454494e-10f

__device__ ulong MainLoop(ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z,size_t work)

{

#if TRNG == TCONG

   uint jcong=seed_z+work;

#elif TRNG == TSHR3

   uint jsr=seed_w+work;

#elif TRNG == TMWC

   uint z=seed_z+work;

   uint w=seed_w+work;

#elif TRNG == TKISS

   uint jcong=seed_z+work;

   uint jsr=seed_w+work;

   uint z=seed_z-work;

   uint w=seed_w-work;

#endif

   ulong total=0;

   for (ulong i=0;i<iterations;i++) {

#if TYPE == TINT32

    #define THEONE 1073741824

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        uint x=CONG>>17 ;

        uint y=CONG>>17 ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        uint x=SHR3>>17 ;

        uint y=SHR3>>17 ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        uint x=MWC>>17 ;

        uint y=MWC>>17 ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

        uint x=KISS>>17 ;

        uint y=KISS>>17 ;

    #endif

#elif TYPE == TINT64

    #define THEONE 4611686018427387904

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        ulong x=(ulong)(CONG>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(CONG>>1) ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        ulong x=(ulong)(SHR3>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(SHR3>>1) ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        ulong x=(ulong)(MWC>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(MWC>>1) ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

        ulong x=(ulong)(KISS>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(KISS>>1) ;

    #endif

#elif TYPE == TFP32

    #define THEONE 1.0f

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        float x=CONGfp ;

        float y=CONGfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        float x=SHR3fp ;

        float y=SHR3fp ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        float x=MWCfp ;

        float y=MWCfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

      float x=KISSfp ;

      float y=KISSfp ;

    #endif

#elif TYPE == TFP64

    #define THEONE 1.0f

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        double x=(double)CONGfp ;

        double y=(double)CONGfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        double x=(double)SHR3fp ;

        double y=(double)SHR3fp ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        double x=(double)MWCfp ;

        double y=(double)MWCfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

        double x=(double)KISSfp ;

        double y=(double)KISSfp ;

    #endif

#endif

#if TEST == IFTHEN

      if ((x*x+y*y) <=THEONE) {

         total+=1;

      }

#else

      ulong inside=((x*x+y*y) <= THEONE) ? 1:0;

      total+=inside;

#endif

   }

   return(total);

}

__global__ void MainLoopBlocks(ulong *s,ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z)

{

   ulong total=MainLoop(iterations,seed_z,seed_w,blockIdx.x);

   s[blockIdx.x]=total;

   __syncthreads();

}

__global__ void MainLoopThreads(ulong *s,ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z)

{

   ulong total=MainLoop(iterations,seed_z,seed_w,threadIdx.x);

   s[threadIdx.x]=total;

   __syncthreads();

}

__global__ void MainLoopHybrid(ulong *s,ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z)

{

   ulong total=MainLoop(iterations,seed_z,seed_w,blockDim.x*blockIdx.x+threadIdx.x);

   s[blockDim.x*blockIdx.x+threadIdx.x]=total;

   __syncthreads();

}

"""

    return(KERNEL_CODE_CUDA)

def KernelCodeOpenCL():

    KERNEL_CODE_OPENCL="""

#define TCONG 0

#define TSHR3 1

#define TMWC 2

#define TKISS 3

#define TINT32 0

#define TINT64 1

#define TFP32 2

#define TFP64 3

#define IFTHEN 1

// Marsaglia RNG very simple implementation

#define znew  ((z=36969*(z&65535)+(z>>16))<<16)

#define wnew  ((w=18000*(w&65535)+(w>>16))&65535)

#define MWC   (znew+wnew)

#define SHR3  (jsr=(jsr=(jsr=jsr^(jsr<<17))^(jsr>>13))^(jsr<<5))

#define CONG  (jcong=69069*jcong+1234567)

#define KISS  ((MWC^CONG)+SHR3)

#define MWCfp MWC * 2.328306435454494e-10f

#define KISSfp KISS * 2.328306435454494e-10f

#define CONGfp CONG * 2.328306435454494e-10f

#define SHR3fp SHR3 * 2.328306435454494e-10f

ulong MainLoop(ulong iterations,uint seed_z,uint seed_w,size_t work)

{

#if TRNG == TCONG

   uint jcong=seed_z+work;

#elif TRNG == TSHR3

   uint jsr=seed_w+work;

#elif TRNG == TMWC

   uint z=seed_z+work;

   uint w=seed_w+work;

#elif TRNG == TKISS

   uint jcong=seed_z+work;

   uint jsr=seed_w+work;

   uint z=seed_z-work;

   uint w=seed_w-work;

#endif

   ulong total=0;

   for (ulong i=0;i<iterations;i++) {

#if TYPE == TINT32

    #define THEONE 1073741824

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        uint x=CONG>>17 ;

        uint y=CONG>>17 ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        uint x=SHR3>>17 ;

        uint y=SHR3>>17 ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        uint x=MWC>>17 ;

        uint y=MWC>>17 ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

        uint x=KISS>>17 ;

        uint y=KISS>>17 ;

    #endif

#elif TYPE == TINT64

    #define THEONE 4611686018427387904

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        ulong x=(ulong)(CONG>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(CONG>>1) ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        ulong x=(ulong)(SHR3>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(SHR3>>1) ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        ulong x=(ulong)(MWC>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(MWC>>1) ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

        ulong x=(ulong)(KISS>>1) ;

        ulong y=(ulong)(KISS>>1) ;

    #endif

#elif TYPE == TFP32

    #define THEONE 1.0f

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        float x=CONGfp ;

        float y=CONGfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        float x=SHR3fp ;

        float y=SHR3fp ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        float x=MWCfp ;

        float y=MWCfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

      float x=KISSfp ;

      float y=KISSfp ;

    #endif

#elif TYPE == TFP64

#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp64: enable

    #define THEONE 1.0f

    #if TRNG == TCONG

        double x=(double)CONGfp ;

        double y=(double)CONGfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TSHR3

        double x=(double)SHR3fp ;

        double y=(double)SHR3fp ;

    #elif TRNG == TMWC

        double x=(double)MWCfp ;

        double y=(double)MWCfp ;

    #elif TRNG == TKISS

        double x=(double)KISSfp ;

        double y=(double)KISSfp ;

    #endif

#endif

#if TEST == IFTHEN

      if ((x*x+y*y) <= THEONE) {

         total+=1;

      }

#else

      ulong inside=((x*x+y*y) <= THEONE) ? 1:0;

      total+=inside;

#endif

   }

   return(total);

}

__kernel void MainLoopGlobal(__global ulong *s,ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z)

{

   ulong total=MainLoop(iterations,seed_z,seed_w,get_global_id(0));

   barrier(CLK_GLOBAL_MEM_FENCE);

   s[get_global_id(0)]=total;

}

__kernel void MainLoopLocal(__global ulong *s,ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z)

{

   ulong total=MainLoop(iterations,seed_z,seed_w,get_local_id(0));

   barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

   s[get_local_id(0)]=total;

}

__kernel void MainLoopHybrid(__global ulong *s,ulong iterations,uint seed_w,uint seed_z)

{

   ulong total=MainLoop(iterations,seed_z,seed_w,get_global_id(0));

   barrier(CLK_GLOBAL_MEM_FENCE || CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

   s[get_global_id(0)]=total;

}

"""

    return(KERNEL_CODE_OPENCL)

def MetropolisCuda(InputCU):

    print("Inside ",InputCU)

    iterations=InputCU['Iterations']

    steps=InputCU['Steps']

    blocks=InputCU['Blocks']

    threads=InputCU['Threads']

    Device=InputCU['Device']

    RNG=InputCU['RNG']

    ValueType=InputCU['ValueType']

    TestType=InputCU['IfThen']

    Seeds=InputCU['Seeds']

    Marsaglia,Computing,Test=DictionariesAPI()

    try:

        # For PyCUDA import

        import pycuda.driver as cuda

        from pycuda.compiler import SourceModule

        cuda.init()

        for Id in range(cuda.Device.count()):

            if Id==Device:

                XPU=cuda.Device(Id)

                print("GPU selected %s" % XPU.name())

        print

    except ImportError:

        print("Platform does not seem to support CUDA")

    circle=numpy.zeros(blocks*threads).astype(numpy.uint64)

    circleCU = cuda.InOut(circle)

    #circleCU = cuda.mem_alloc(circle.size*circle.dtype.itemize)

    #cuda.memcpy_htod(circleCU, circle)

    Context=XPU.make_context()

    try:

        mod = SourceModule(KernelCodeCuda(),options=['--compiler-options','-DTRNG=%i -DTYPE=%s' % (Marsaglia[RNG],Computing[ValueType])])

        #mod = SourceModule(KernelCodeCuda(),nvcc='nvcc',keep=True)

        # Needed to set the compiler via ccbin for CUDA9 implementation

        #mod = SourceModule(KernelCodeCuda(),options=['-ccbin','clang-3.9','--compiler-options','-DTRNG=%i' % Marsaglia[RNG],'-DTYPE=%s' % Computing[ValueType],'-DTEST=%s' % Test[TestType]],keep=True)

    except:

        print("Compilation seems to break")

    MetropolisBlocksCU=mod.get_function("MainLoopBlocks")

    MetropolisThreadsCU=mod.get_function("MainLoopThreads")

    MetropolisHybridCU=mod.get_function("MainLoopHybrid")

    MyDuration=numpy.zeros(steps)

    jobs=blocks*threads;

    iterationsCU=numpy.uint64(iterations/jobs)

    if iterations%jobs!=0:

        iterationsCU+=numpy.uint64(1)

    for i in range(steps):

        start_time=time.time()

        try:

            MetropolisHybridCU(circleCU,

                               numpy.uint64(iterationsCU),

                               numpy.uint32(Seeds[0]),

                               numpy.uint32(Seeds[1]),

                               grid=(blocks,1),block=(threads,1,1))

        except:

            print("Crash during CUDA call")

        elapsed = time.time()-start_time

        print("(Blocks/Threads)=(%i,%i) method done in %.2f s..." % (blocks,threads,elapsed))

        MyDuration[i]=elapsed

    OutputCU={'Inside':sum(circle),'NewIterations':numpy.uint64(iterationsCU*jobs),'Duration':MyDuration}

    print(OutputCU)

    Context.pop()

    Context.detach()

    return(OutputCU)

def MetropolisOpenCL(InputCL):

    import pyopencl as cl

    iterations=InputCL['Iterations']

    steps=InputCL['Steps']

    blocks=InputCL['Blocks']

    threads=InputCL['Threads']

    Device=InputCL['Device']

    RNG=InputCL['RNG']

    ValueType=InputCL['ValueType']

    TestType=InputCL['IfThen']

    Seeds=InputCL['Seeds']

    Marsaglia,Computing,Test=DictionariesAPI()

    # Initialisation des variables en les CASTant correctement

    Id=0

    HasXPU=False

    for platform in cl.get_platforms():

        for device in platform.get_devices():

            if Id==Device:

                XPU=device

                print("CPU/GPU selected: ",device.name.lstrip())

                HasXPU=True

            Id+=1

            # print(Id)

    if HasXPU==False:

        print("No XPU #%i found in all of %i devices, sorry..." % (Device,Id-1))

        sys.exit()

    # Je cree le contexte et la queue pour son execution

    try:

        ctx = cl.Context(devices=[XPU])

        queue = cl.CommandQueue(ctx,properties=cl.command_queue_properties.PROFILING_ENABLE)

    except:

        print("Crash during context creation")

    # Je recupere les flag possibles pour les buffers

    mf = cl.mem_flags

    circle=numpy.zeros(blocks*threads).astype(numpy.uint64)

    #    circleCL = cl.Buffer(ctx, mf.WRITE_ONLY|mf.COPY_HOST_PTR,hostbuf=circle)

    circleCL = cl.Buffer(ctx, mf.WRITE_ONLY,circle.nbytes)

    MetropolisCL = cl.Program(ctx,KernelCodeOpenCL()).build( options = "-cl-mad-enable -cl-fast-relaxed-math -DTRNG=%i -DTYPE=%s -DTEST=%s" % (Marsaglia[RNG],Computing[ValueType],Test[TestType]))

    MyDuration=numpy.zeros(steps)

    jobs=blocks*threads;

    iterationsCL=numpy.uint64(iterations/jobs)

    if iterations%jobs!=0:

        iterationsCL+=1

    for i in range(steps):

        start_time=time.time()

        if threads == 1:

            CLLaunch=MetropolisCL.MainLoopGlobal(queue,(blocks,),None,

                                                 circleCL,

                                                 numpy.uint64(iterationsCL),

                                                 numpy.uint32(Seeds[0]),

                                                 numpy.uint32(Seeds[1]))

        else:

            CLLaunch=MetropolisCL.MainLoopHybrid(queue,(jobs,),(threads,),

                                                 circleCL,

                                                 numpy.uint64(iterationsCL),

                                                 numpy.uint32(Seeds[0]),

                                                 numpy.uint32(Seeds[1]))

        CLLaunch.wait()

        cl.enqueue_copy(queue, circle, circleCL).wait()

        elapsed = time.time()-start_time

        print("(Blocks/Threads)=(%i,%i) method done in %.2f s..." % (blocks,threads,elapsed))

        # Elapsed method based on CLLaunch doesn't work for Beignet OpenCL

        # elapsed = 1e-9*(CLLaunch.profile.end - CLLaunch.profile.start)

        # print circle,numpy.mean(circle),numpy.median(circle),numpy.std(circle)

        MyDuration[i]=elapsed

        # AllPi=4./numpy.float32(iterationsCL)*circle.astype(numpy.float32)

        # MyPi[i]=numpy.median(AllPi)

        # print MyPi[i],numpy.std(AllPi),MyDuration[i]

    circleCL.release()

    OutputCL={'Inside':sum(circle),'NewIterations':numpy.uint64(iterationsCL*jobs),'Duration':MyDuration}

    # print(OutputCL)

    return(OutputCL)

def FitAndPrint(N,D,Curves):

    from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    try:

        coeffs_Amdahl, matcov_Amdahl = curve_fit(Amdahl, N, D)

        D_Amdahl=Amdahl(N,coeffs_Amdahl[0],coeffs_Amdahl[1],coeffs_Amdahl[2])

        coeffs_Amdahl[1]=coeffs_Amdahl[1]*coeffs_Amdahl[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_Amdahl[2]=coeffs_Amdahl[2]*coeffs_Amdahl[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_Amdahl[0]=D[0]

        print("Amdahl Normalized: T=%.2f(%.6f+%.6f/N)" % (coeffs_Amdahl[0],coeffs_Amdahl[1],coeffs_Amdahl[2]))

    except:

        print("Impossible to fit for Amdahl law : only %i elements" % len(D))

    try:

        coeffs_AmdahlR, matcov_AmdahlR = curve_fit(AmdahlR, N, D)

        D_AmdahlR=AmdahlR(N,coeffs_AmdahlR[0],coeffs_AmdahlR[1])

        coeffs_AmdahlR[1]=coeffs_AmdahlR[1]*coeffs_AmdahlR[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_AmdahlR[0]=D[0]

        print("Amdahl Reduced Normalized: T=%.2f(%.6f+%.6f/N)" % (coeffs_AmdahlR[0],1-coeffs_AmdahlR[1],coeffs_AmdahlR[1]))

    except:

        print("Impossible to fit for Reduced Amdahl law : only %i elements" % len(D))

    try:

        coeffs_Mylq, matcov_Mylq = curve_fit(Mylq, N, D)

        coeffs_Mylq[1]=coeffs_Mylq[1]*coeffs_Mylq[0]/D[0]

        # coeffs_Mylq[2]=coeffs_Mylq[2]*coeffs_Mylq[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_Mylq[3]=coeffs_Mylq[3]*coeffs_Mylq[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_Mylq[0]=D[0]

        print("Mylq Normalized : T=%.2f(%.6f+%.6f/N)+%.6f*N" % (coeffs_Mylq[0],

                                                                coeffs_Mylq[1],

                                                                coeffs_Mylq[3],

                                                                coeffs_Mylq[2]))

        D_Mylq=Mylq(N,coeffs_Mylq[0],coeffs_Mylq[1],coeffs_Mylq[2],

                    coeffs_Mylq[3])

    except:

        print("Impossible to fit for Mylq law : only %i elements" % len(D))

    try:

        coeffs_Mylq2, matcov_Mylq2 = curve_fit(Mylq2, N, D)

        coeffs_Mylq2[1]=coeffs_Mylq2[1]*coeffs_Mylq2[0]/D[0]

        # coeffs_Mylq2[2]=coeffs_Mylq2[2]*coeffs_Mylq2[0]/D[0]

        # coeffs_Mylq2[3]=coeffs_Mylq2[3]*coeffs_Mylq2[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_Mylq2[4]=coeffs_Mylq2[4]*coeffs_Mylq2[0]/D[0]

        coeffs_Mylq2[0]=D[0]

        print("Mylq 2nd order Normalized: T=%.2f(%.6f+%.6f/N)+%.6f*N+%.6f*N^2" % (coeffs_Mylq2[0],coeffs_Mylq2[1],coeffs_Mylq2[4],coeffs_Mylq2[2],coeffs_Mylq2[3]))

    except:

        print("Impossible to fit for 2nd order Mylq law : only %i elements" % len(D))

    if Curves:

        plt.xlabel("Number of Threads/work Items")

        plt.ylabel("Total Elapsed Time")

        Experience,=plt.plot(N,D,'ro')

    try:

        pAmdahl,=plt.plot(N,D_Amdahl,label="Loi de Amdahl")

        pMylq,=plt.plot(N,D_Mylq,label="Loi de Mylq")

    except:

        print("Fit curves seem not to be available")

    plt.legend()

    plt.show()

if __name__=='__main__':

    # Set defaults values

    # GPU style can be Cuda (Nvidia implementation) or OpenCL

    GpuStyle='OpenCL'

    # Iterations is integer

    Iterations=1000000000

    # BlocksBlocks in first number of Blocks to explore

    BlocksBegin=1024

    # BlocksEnd is last number of Blocks to explore

    BlocksEnd=1024

    # BlocksStep is the step of Blocks to explore

    BlocksStep=1

    # ThreadsBlocks in first number of Blocks to explore

    ThreadsBegin=1

    # ThreadsEnd is last number of Blocks to explore

    ThreadsEnd=1

    # ThreadsStep is the step of Blocks to explore

    ThreadsStep=1

    # Redo is the times to redo the test to improve metrology

    Redo=1

    # OutMetrology is method for duration estimation : False is GPU inside

    OutMetrology=False

    Metrology='InMetro'

    # Curves is True to print the curves

    Curves=False

    # Fit is True to print the curves

    Fit=False

    # Inside based on If

    IfThen=False

    # Marsaglia RNG

    RNG='MWC'

    # Value type : INT32, INT64, FP32, FP64

    ValueType='FP32'

    # Seeds for RNG

    Seeds=110271,101008

    HowToUse='%s -o (Out of Core Metrology) -c (Print Curves) -k (Case On IfThen) -d <DeviceId> -g <CUDA/OpenCL> -i <Iterations> -b <BlocksBegin> -e <BlocksEnd> -s <BlocksStep> -f <ThreadsFirst> -l <ThreadsLast> -t <ThreadssTep> -r <RedoToImproveStats> -m <SHR3/CONG/MWC/KISS> -v <INT32/INT64/FP32/FP64>'

    try:

        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"hockg:i:b:e:s:f:l:t:r:d:m:v:",["gpustyle=","iterations=","blocksBegin=","blocksEnd=","blocksStep=","threadsFirst=","threadsLast=","threadssTep=","redo=","device=","marsaglia=","valuetype="])

    except getopt.GetoptError:

        print(HowToUse % sys.argv[0])

        sys.exit(2)

    # List of Devices

    Devices=[]

    Alu={}

    for opt, arg in opts:

        if opt == '-h':

            print(HowToUse % sys.argv[0])

            print("\nInformations about devices detected under OpenCL API:")

            # For PyOpenCL import

            try:

                import pyopencl as cl

                Id=0

                for platform in cl.get_platforms():

                    for device in platform.get_devices():

                        #deviceType=cl.device_type.to_string(device.type)

                        deviceType="xPU"

                        print("Device #%i from %s of type %s : %s" % (Id,platform.vendor.lstrip(),deviceType,device.name.lstrip()))

                        Id=Id+1

            except:

                print("Your platform does not seem to support OpenCL")

            print("\nInformations about devices detected under CUDA API:")

            # For PyCUDA import

            try:

                import pycuda.driver as cuda

                cuda.init()

                for Id in range(cuda.Device.count()):

                    device=cuda.Device(Id)

                    print("Device #%i of type GPU : %s" % (Id,device.name()))

                print

            except:

                print("Your platform does not seem to support CUDA")

            sys.exit()