Chimie Théorique » QMX

"""This module defines the Atom object."""

import numpy as np

from ase.data import atomic_numbers, chemical_symbols, atomic_masses

#        singular,    plural,     type,  shape

data = {'symbol':   ('symbols',   str,   ()  ),

        'number':   ('numbers',   int,   ()  ),

        'position': ('positions', float, (3,)),

        'tag':      ('tags',      int,   ()  ),

        'momentum': ('momenta',   float, (3,)),

        'mass':     ('masses',    float, ()  ),

        'magmom':   ('magmoms',   float, ()  ),

        'charge':   ('charges',   float, ()  ),

        }

class Atom(object):

    """Class for representing a single atom.

        Parameters:

        symbol: str or int

            Can be a chemical symbol (str) or an atomic number (int).

        position: sequence of 3 floats

            Atomi position.

        tag: int

            Special purpose tag.

        momentum: sequence of 3 floats

            Momentum for atom.

        mass: float

            Atomic mass in atomic units.

        magmom: float

            Magnetic moment.

        charge: float

            Atomic charge.

        Examples:

        >>> a = Atom('O', charge=-2)

        >>> b = Atom(8, charge=-2)

        >>> c = Atom('H', (1, 2, 3), magmom=1)

        >>> print a.charge, a.position

        -2 [ 0. 0. 0.]

        >>> c.x = 0.0

        >>> c.position

        array([ 0.,  2.,  3.])

        >>> b.symbol

        'O'

        >>> c.tag = 42

        >>> c.number

        1

        >>> c.symbol = 'Li'

        >>> c.number

        3

        If the atom object belongs to an Atoms object, then assigning

        values to the atom attributes will change the corresponding

        arrays of the atoms object:

        >>> OH = Atoms('OH')

        >>> OH[0].charge = -1

        >>> OH.get_charges()

        array([-1.,  0.])

        Another example:

        >>> for atom in bulk:

        ...     if atom.symbol = 'Ni':

        ...         atom.magmom = 0.7

        """

    __slots__ = ['_number', '_symbol', '_position', '_tag', '_momentum',

                 '_mass', '_magmom', '_charge', 'atoms', 'index']

    def __init__(self, symbol='X', position=(0, 0, 0),

                 tag=None, momentum=None, mass=None,

                 magmom=None, charge=None,

                 atoms=None, index=None):

        if atoms is None:

            # This atom is not part of any Atoms object:

            if isinstance(symbol, str):

                self._number = atomic_numbers[symbol]

                self._symbol = symbol

            else:

                self._number = symbol

                self._symbol = chemical_symbols[symbol]

            self._position = np.array(position, float)

            self._tag = tag

            if momentum is not None:

                momentum = np.array(momentum, float)

            self._momentum = momentum

            self._mass = mass

            self._magmom = magmom

            self._charge = charge

        self.index = index

        self.atoms = atoms

    def __repr__(self):

        s = "Atom('%s', %s" % (self.symbol, list(self.position))

        for attr in ['tag', 'momentum', 'mass', 'magmom', 'charge']:

            value = getattr(self, attr)

            if value is not None:

                if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):

                    value = value.tolist()

                s += ', %s=%s' % (attr, value)

        if self.atoms is None:

            s += ')'

        else:

            s += ', index=%d)' % self.index

        return s

    def get_data(self):

        """Helper method."""

        return (self.position, self.number,

                self.tag, self.momentum, self.mass,

                self.magmom, self.charge)

    def cut_reference_to_atoms(self):

        """Cut reference to atoms object."""

        data = self.get_data()

        self.index = None

        self.atoms = None

        (self._position,

         self._number,

         self._tag,

         self._momentum,

         self._mass,

         self._magmom,

         self._charge) = data

        self._symbol = chemical_symbols[self._number]

    def _get(self, name):

        if self.atoms is None:

            return getattr(self, '_' + name)

        elif name == 'symbol':

            return chemical_symbols[self.number]

        else:

            plural = data[name][0]

            if plural in self.atoms.arrays:

                return self.atoms.arrays[plural][self.index]

            else:

                return None

    def _get_copy(self, name, copy=False):

        if self.atoms is None:

            return getattr(self, '_' + name)

        elif name == 'symbol':

            return chemical_symbols[self.number]

        else:

            plural = data[name][0]

            if plural in self.atoms.arrays:

                return self.atoms.arrays[plural][self.index].copy()

            else:

                return None

    def _set(self, name, value):

        if self.atoms is None:

            setattr(self, '_' + name, value)

            if name == 'symbol':

                self._number = atomic_numbers[value]

            elif name == 'number':

                self._symbol = chemical_symbols[value]

        elif name == 'symbol':

            self.number = atomic_numbers[value]

        else:

            plural, dtype, shape = data[name]

            if plural in self.atoms.arrays:

                self.atoms.arrays[plural][self.index] = value

            else:

                array = np.zeros((len(self.atoms),) + shape, dtype)

                array[self.index] = value

                self.atoms.new_array(plural, array)

    def get_symbol(self): return self._get('symbol')

    def get_atomic_number(self): return self._get('number')

    def get_position(self): return self._get_copy('position')

    def _get_position(self): return self._get('position')

    def get_tag(self): return self._get('tag')

    def get_momentum(self): return self._get_copy('momentum')

    def _get_momentum(self): return self._get('momentum')

    def get_initial_magnetic_moment(self): return self._get('magmom')

    def get_charge(self): return self._get('charge')

    def set_symbol(self, symbol): self._set('symbol', symbol)

    def set_atomic_number(self, number): self._set('number', number)

    def set_position(self, position):

        self._set('position', np.array(position, float))

    def set_tag(self, tag): self._set('tag', tag)

    def set_momentum(self, momentum): self._set('momentum', momentum)

    def set_initial_magnetic_moment(self, magmom): self._set('magmom', magmom)

    def set_charge(self, charge): self._set('charge', charge)

    def set_magmom(self, magmom):

        "Deprecated, use set_initial_magnetic_moment instead."

        import warnings

        warnings.warn('set_magmom is deprecated. Please use set_initial_magnetic_moment' \

                      ' instead.', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

        return self.set_initial_magnetic_moment(magmom)

    def get_number(self):

        "Deprecated, use get_atomic_number instead."

        import warnings

        warnings.warn(

            'get_number is deprecated. Please use get_atomic_number instead.',

            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

        return self.get_atomic_number()

    def set_number(self, number):

        "Deprecated, use set_atomic_number instead."

        import warnings

        warnings.warn(

            'set_number is deprecated. Please use set_atomic_number instead.',

            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

        return self.set_atomic_number(number)

    def get_mass(self):

        """Get the mass of the atom.

        Returns the mass of the atom, if known.  If unknown, returns the

        atomic mass corresponding to the element.

        """

        m = self._get('mass')

        if m is None:

            m = atomic_masses[self.get_atomic_number()]

        return m

    def set_mass(self, mass):

        """Sets the mass of the atom.

        If the atom is part of a list of atoms, and the atoms do not yet

        have masses, all other atoms are assigned their default masses.

        """

        if self.atoms is None:

            self._mass = mass

        else:

            if 'masses' not in self.atoms.arrays:

                # Assign default masses to all atoms

                self.atoms.set_masses(self.atoms.get_masses())

            self.atoms.arrays['masses'][self.index] = mass

    symbol = property(get_symbol, set_symbol, doc='Chemical symbol')

    number = property(get_atomic_number, set_atomic_number, doc='Atomic number')

    position = property(_get_position, set_position, doc='XYZ-coordinates')

    tag = property(get_tag, set_tag, doc='Integer tag')

    momentum = property(_get_momentum, set_momentum, doc='XYZ-momentum')

    mass = property(get_mass, set_mass, doc='Atomic mass')

    magmom = property(get_initial_magnetic_moment, set_initial_magnetic_moment,

                      doc='Initial magnetic moment')

    charge = property(get_charge, set_charge, doc='Atomic charge')

    def get_x(self): return self.position[0]

    def get_y(self): return self.position[1]

    def get_z(self): return self.position[2]

    def set_x(self, x): self.position[0] = x

    def set_y(self, y): self.position[1] = y

    def set_z(self, z): self.position[2] = z

    x = property(get_x, set_x, doc='X-coordiante')

    y = property(get_y, set_y, doc='Y-coordiante')

    z = property(get_z, set_z, doc='Z-coordiante')