Laboratoire de l'Informatique et du Parallélisme » Pobyso

"""

Actual functions to use in Sage

ST 2012-11-13

Command line syntax:

  use from Sage (via the "load" or the "attach" commands)

pobyso functions come in five flavors:

- the _so_so (arguments and returned objects are pointers to Sollya objects,

  includes the void function and the no arguments function that return a

  pointer to a Sollya object);

- the _so_sa (argument are pointers to Sollya objects, returned objects are

  Sage/Python objects or, more generally, information is transfered from the

  Sollya world to Sage/Python world; e.g. functions without arguments that

  return a Sage/Python object);

- the _sa_so (arguments are Sage/Python objects, returned objects are

  pointers to Sollya objects);

- the sa_sa (arguments and returned objects are all Sage/Python objects);

- a catch all flavor, without any suffix, (e. g. functions that have no argument

  nor return value).

This classification is not always very strict. Conversion functions from Sollya

to Sage/Python are sometimes decorated with Sage/Python arguments to set

the precision. These functions remain in the so_sa category.

NOTES:

Reported errors in Eclipse come from the calls to

the Sollya library

ToDo (among other things):

 -memory management.

"""

from ctypes import *

import re

from sage.symbolic.expression_conversions import polynomial

from sage.symbolic.expression_conversions import PolynomialConverter

"""

Create the equivalent to an enum for the Sollya function types.

"""

(SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ABS,

SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ACOS,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ACOSH,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ADD,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ASIN,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ASINH,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ATAN,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ATANH,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CEIL,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CONSTANT,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_COS,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_COSH,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DIV,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DOUBLE,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DOUBLEDOUBLE,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DOUBLEEXTENDED,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ERF,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ERFC,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_EXP,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_EXP_M1,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FLOOR,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FREE_VARIABLE,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_HALFPRECISION,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LIBRARYCONSTANT,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LIBRARYFUNCTION,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG_10,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG_1P,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG_2,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_MUL,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_NEARESTINT,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_NEG,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_PI,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_POW,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_PROCEDUREFUNCTION,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_QUAD,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SIN,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SINGLE,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SINH,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SQRT,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SUB,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TAN,

    SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TANH,

SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TRIPLEDOUBLE) = map(int,xrange(44))

print "\nSuperficial pobyso check..."

print "First constant - SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ABS: ", SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ABS

print "Last constant  - SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TRIPLEDOUBLE: ", SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TRIPLEDOUBLE

pobyso_max_arity = 9

def pobyso_absolute_so_so():

    return(sollya_lib_absolute(None))

def pobyso_autoprint(arg):

    sollya_lib_autoprint(arg,None)

def pobyso_autoprint_so_so(arg):

    sollya_lib_autoprint(arg,None)

def pobyso_bounds_to_range_sa_so(rnLowerBoundSa, rnUpperBoundSa, \

                                 precisionSa=None):

    """

    Return a Sollya range from to 2 RealField Sage elements.

    The Sollya range element has a sufficient precision to hold all

    the digits of the Sage bounds.

    """

    # Sanity check.

    if rnLowerBoundSa > rnUpperBoundSa:

        return None

    if precisionSa is None:

        # Check for the largest precision.

        lbPrecSa = rnLowerBoundSa.parent().precision()

        ubPrecSa = rnLowerBoundSa.parent().precision()

        maxPrecSa = max(lbPrecSa, ubPrecSa)

    else:

        maxPrecSa = precisionSa

    sollyaCurrentPrecSo = pobyso_get_prec_so()

    sollyaCurrentPrecSa = pobyso_constant_from_int_so_sa(sollyaCurrentPrecSo)

    # Change the current Sollya precision only if necessary.

    if maxPrecSa > sollyaCurrentPrecSa:

        pobyso_set_prec_sa_so(maxPrecSa)

    lowerBoundSo = sollya_lib_constant(get_rn_value(rnLowerBoundSa))

    upperBoundSo = sollya_lib_constant(get_rn_value(rnUpperBoundSa))

    rangeSo = sollya_lib_range(lowerBoundSo, upperBoundSo)

    # Back to original precision.

    if maxPrecSa > sollyaCurrentPrecSa:

        sollya_lib_set_prec(sollyaCurrentPrecSo)

    # Clean up

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(sollyaCurrentPrecSo)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(lowerBoundSo)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(upperBoundSo)

    return(rangeSo)

# End pobyso_bounds_to_range_sa_so

def pobyso_build_function_sub_so_so(exp1So, exp2So):

    return(sollya_lib_build_function_sub(exp1So, exp2So))

def pobyso_change_var_in_function_so_so(funcSo, chvarExpSo):

    """

    Variable change in a function.

    """

    return(sollya_lib_evaluate(funcSo,chvarExpSo))

# End pobyso_change_var_in_function_so_so

def pobyso_chebyshevform_so_so(functionSo, degreeSo, intervalSo):

    resultSo = sollya_lib_chebyshevform(functionSo, degreeSo, intervalSo)

    return(resultSo)

# End pobyso_chebyshevform_so_so.

def pobyso_cmp(rnArgSa, cteSo):

    """

    Compare the MPFR value a RealNumber with that of a Sollya constant.

    Get the value of the Sollya constant into a RealNumber and compare

    using MPFR. Could be optimized by working directly with a mpfr_t

    for the intermediate number.

    """

    precisionOfCte = c_int(0)

    # From the Sollya constant, create a local Sage RealNumber.

    sollya_lib_get_prec_of_constant(precisionOfCte, cteSo)

    #print "Precision of constant: ", precisionOfCte

    RRRR = RealField(precisionOfCte.value)

    rnLocalSa = RRRR(0)

    sollya_lib_get_constant(get_rn_value(rnLocalSa), cteSo)

    # Compare the local Sage RealNumber with rnArg.

    return(cmp_rn_value(rnArgSa, rnLocal))

# End pobyso_smp

def pobyso_compute_pos_function_abs_val_bounds_sa_sa(funcSa, lowerBoundSa, \

                                                     upperBoundSa):

    """

    TODO: completely rework and test.

    """

    pobyso = pobyso_name_free_variable_sa_so(funcSa.variables()[0])

    funcSo = pobyso_parse_string(funcSa._assume_str())

    rangeSo = pobyso_range_sa_so(lowerBoundSa, upperBoundSa)

    infnormSo = pobyso_infnorm_so_so(funcSo,rangeSo)

    # Sollya return the infnorm as an interval.

    fMaxSa = pobyso_get_interval_from_range_so_sa(infnormSo)

    # Get the top bound and compute the binade top limit.

    fMaxUpperBoundSa = fMaxSa.upper()

    binadeTopLimitSa = 2**ceil(fMaxUpperBoundSa.log2())

    # Put up together the function to use to compute the lower bound.

    funcAuxSo = pobyso_parse_string(str(binadeTopLimitSa) +  \

                                    '-(' + f._assume_str() + ')')

    pobyso_autoprint(funcAuxSo)

    # Clear the Sollya range before a new call to infnorm and issue the call.

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(infnormSo)

    infnormSo = pobyso_infnorm_so_so(funcAuxSo,rangeSo)

    fMinSa = pobyso_get_interval_from_range_so_sa(infnormSo)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(infnormSo)

    fMinLowerBoundSa = binadeTopLimitSa - fMinSa.lower()

    # Compute the maximum of the precisions of the different bounds.

    maxPrecSa = max([fMinLowerBoundSa.parent().precision(), \

                     fMaxUpperBoundSa.parent().precision()])

    # Create a RealIntervalField and create an interval with the "good" bounds.

    RRRI = RealIntervalField(maxPrecSa)

    imageIntervalSa = RRRI(fMinLowerBoundSa, fMaxUpperBoundSa)

    # Free the unneeded Sollya objects

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(funcSo)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(funcAuxSo)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(rangeSo)

    return(imageIntervalSa)

# End pobyso_compute_pos_function_abs_val_bounds_sa_sa

def pobyso_constant(rnArg):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_constant_sa_so. """

    return(pobyso_constant_sa_so(rnArg))

def pobyso_constant_sa_so(rnArgSa, precisionSa=None):

    """

    Create a Sollya constant from a RealNumber.

    """

    # Precision stuff

    if precisionSa is None:

        precisionSa = rnArgSa.parent().precision()

    currentSollyaPrecisionSo = sollya_lib_get_prec()

    currentSollyaPrecisionSa = \

        pobyso_constant_from_int(currentSollyaPrecisionSo)

    if precisionSa > currentSollyaPrecisionSa:

        pobyso_set_prec_sa_so(precisionSa)

        constantSo = sollya_lib_constant(get_rn_value(rnArgSa))

        pobyso_set_prec_sa_so(currentSollyaPrecision)

    else:

        constantSo = sollya_lib_constant(get_rn_value(rnArgSa))

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(currentSollyaPrecisionSo)

    return(constantSo)

def pobyso_constant_0_sa_so():

    return(pobyso_constant_from_int_sa_so(0))

def pobyso_constant_1():

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_constant_so_so. """

    return(pobyso_constant_1_sa_so())

def pobyso_constant_1_sa_so():

    return(pobyso_constant_from_int_sa_so(1))

def pobyso_constant_from_int(anInt):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_constant_from_int_sa_so. """

    return(pobyso_constant_from_int_sa_so(anInt))

def pobyso_constant_from_int_sa_so(anInt):

    return(sollya_lib_constant_from_int(int(anInt)))

def pobyso_constant_from_int_so_sa(constSo):

    """

    Get a Sollya constant as an int.

    Use full for precision or powers in polynomials.

    """

    constSa = c_int(0)

    sollya_lib_get_constant_as_int(byref(constSa), constSo)

    return(constSa.value)

# End pobyso_constant_from_int_so_sa

def pobyso_function_type_as_string(funcType):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_function_type_as_string_so_sa. """

    return(pobyso_function_type_as_string_so_sa(funcType))

def pobyso_function_type_as_string_so_sa(funcType):

    """

    Numeric Sollya function codes -> Sage mathematical function names.

    Notice that pow -> ^ (a la Sage, not a la Python).

    """

    if funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ABS:

        return "abs"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ACOS:

        return "arccos"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ACOSH:

        return "arccosh"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ADD:

        return "+"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ASIN:

        return "arcsin"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ASINH:

        return "arcsinh"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ATAN:

        return "arctan"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ATANH:

        return "arctanh"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CEIL:

        return "ceil"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CONSTANT:

        return "cte"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_COS:

        return "cos"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_COSH:

        return "cosh"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DIV:

        return "/"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DOUBLE:

        return "double"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DOUBLEDOUBLE:

        return "doubleDouble"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_DOUBLEEXTENDED:

        return "doubleDxtended"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ERF:

        return "erf"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_ERFC:

        return "erfc"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_EXP:

        return "exp"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_EXP_M1:

        return "expm1"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FLOOR:

        return "floor"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FREE_VARIABLE:

        return "freeVariable"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_HALFPRECISION:

        return "halfPrecision"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LIBRARYCONSTANT:

        return "libraryConstant"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LIBRARYFUNCTION:

        return "libraryFunction"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG:

        return "log"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG_10:

        return "log10"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG_1P:

        return "log1p"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_LOG_2:

        return "log2"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_MUL:

        return "*"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_NEARESTINT:

        return "round"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_NEG:

        return "__neg__"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_PI:

        return "pi"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_POW:

        return "^"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_PROCEDUREFUNCTION:

        return "procedureFunction"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_QUAD:

        return "quad"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SIN:

        return "sin"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SINGLE:

        return "single"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SINH:

        return "sinh"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SQRT:

        return "sqrt"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_SUB:

        return "-"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TAN:

        return "tan"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TANH:

        return "tanh"

    elif funcType == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_TRIPLEDOUBLE:

        return "tripleDouble"

    else:

        return None

def pobyso_get_constant(rnArgSa, constSo):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_constant_so_sa. """

    return(pobyso_get_constant_so_sa(rnArgSa, constSo))

def pobyso_get_constant_so_sa(rnArgSa, constSo):

    """

    Set the value of rnArgSo to the value of constSo in MPFR_RNDN mode.

    rnArg must already exist and belong to some RealField.

    We assume that constSo points to a Sollya constant.

    """

    return(sollya_lib_get_constant(get_rn_value(rnArgSa), constSo))

def pobyso_get_constant_as_rn(ctExpSo):

    """

    Legacy function. See pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_so_sa.

    """

    return(pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_so_sa(ctExpSo))

def pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_so_sa(constExpSo):

    """

    Get a Sollya constant as a Sage "real number".

    The precision of the floating-point number returned is that of the Sollya

    constant.

    """

    precisionSa  = pobyso_get_prec_of_constant_so_sa(constExpSo)

    RRRR = RealField(precisionSa)

    rnSa = RRRR(0)

    sollya_lib_get_constant(get_rn_value(rnSa), constExpSo)

    return(rnSa)

# End pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_so_sa

def pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_with_rf(ctExp, realField):

    """

    Legacy function. See pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_with_rf_so_sa.

    """

    return(pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_with_rf_so_sa(ctExp, realField))

def pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_with_rf_so_sa(ctExpSo, realFieldSa = None):

    """

    Get a Sollya constant as a Sage "real number".

    If no real field is specified, the precision of the floating-point number

    returned is that of the Sollya constant.

    Otherwise is is that of the real field. Hence rounding may happen.

    """

    if realFieldSa is None:

        sollyaPrecSa = pobyso_get_prec_of_constant_so_sa(ctExpSo)

        realFieldSa = RealField(sollyaPrecSa)

    rnSa = realFieldSa(0)

    sollya_lib_get_constant(get_rn_value(rnSa), ctExpSo)

    return(rnSa)

# End pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_with_rf_so_sa

def pobyso_get_free_variable_name():

    """

    Legacy function. See pobyso_get_free_variable_name_so_sa.

    """

    return(pobyso_get_free_variable_name_so_sa())

def pobyso_get_free_variable_name_so_sa():

    return(sollya_lib_get_free_variable_name())

def pobyso_get_function_arity(expressionSo):

    """

    Legacy function. See pobyso_get_function_arity_so_sa.

    """

    return(pobyso_get_function_arity_so_sa(expressionSo))

def pobyso_get_function_arity_so_sa(expressionSo):

    arity = c_int(0)

    sollya_lib_get_function_arity(byref(arity),expressionSo)

    return(int(arity.value))

def pobyso_get_head_function(expressionSo):

    """

    Legacy function. See pobyso_get_head_function_so_sa.

    """

    return(pobyso_get_head_function_so_sa(expressionSo))

def pobyso_get_head_function_so_sa(expressionSo):

    functionType = c_int(0)

    sollya_lib_get_head_function(byref(functionType), expressionSo, None)

    return(int(functionType.value))

def pobyso_get_interval_from_range_so_sa(soRange, realIntervalFieldSa = None ):

    """

    Return the Sage interval corresponding to the Sollya range argument.

    If no reaIntervalField is passed as an argument, the interval bounds are not

    rounded: they are elements of RealIntervalField of the "right" precision

    to hold all the digits.

    """

    prec = c_int(0)

    if realIntervalFieldSa is None:

        retval = sollya_lib_get_prec_of_range(byref(prec), soRange, None)

        if retval == 0:

            return(None)

        realIntervalFieldSa = RealIntervalField(prec.value)

    intervalSa = realIntervalFieldSa(0,0)

    retval = \

        sollya_lib_get_interval_from_range(get_interval_value(intervalSa),\

                                           soRange)

    if retval == 0:

        return(None)

    return(intervalSa)

# End pobyso_get_interval_from_range_so_sa

def pobyso_get_list_elements(soObj):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_list_elements_so_so. """

    return(pobyso_get_list_elements_so_so(soObj))

def pobyso_get_list_elements_so_so(objSo):

    """

    Get the list elements as a Sage/Python array of Sollya objects.

    The other data returned are Sage/Python objects.

    """

    listAddress = POINTER(c_longlong)()

    numElements = c_int(0)

    isEndElliptic = c_int(0)

    listAsList = []

    result = sollya_lib_get_list_elements(byref(listAddress),\

                                          byref(numElements),\

                                          byref(isEndElliptic),\

                                          objSo)

    if result == 0 :

        return None

    for i in xrange(0, numElements.value, 1):

       listAsList.append(sollya_lib_copy_obj(listAddress[i]))

    return(listAsList, numElements.value, isEndElliptic.value)

def pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp(soExp):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa. """

    return(pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa(soExp))

def pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa(expSo):

    """

    Get the maximum precision used for the numbers in a Sollya expression.

    Arguments:

    soExp -- a Sollya expression pointer

    Return value:

    A Python integer

    TODO:

    - error management;

    - correctly deal with numerical type such as DOUBLEEXTENDED.

    """

    maxPrecision = 0

    minConstPrec = 0

    currentConstPrec = 0

    operator = pobyso_get_head_function_so_sa(expSo)

    if (operator != SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CONSTANT) and \

    (operator != SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FREE_VARIABLE):

        (arity, subexpressions) = pobyso_get_subfunctions_so_sa(expSo)

        for i in xrange(arity):

            maxPrecisionCandidate = \

                pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa(subexpressions[i])

            if maxPrecisionCandidate > maxPrecision:

                maxPrecision = maxPrecisionCandidate

        return(maxPrecision)

    elif operator == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CONSTANT:

        #minConstPrec = pobyso_get_min_prec_of_constant_so_sa(expSo)

        #currentConstPrec = pobyso_get_min_prec_of_constant_so_sa(soExp)

        #print minConstPrec, " - ", currentConstPrec

        return(pobyso_get_min_prec_of_constant_so_sa(expSo))

    elif operator == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FREE_VARIABLE:

        return(0)

    else:

        print "pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa: unexepected operator."

        return(0)

def pobyso_get_min_prec_of_constant_so_sa(constExpSo):

    """

    Get the minimum precision necessary to represent the value of a Sollya

    constant.

    MPFR_MIN_PREC and powers of 2 are taken into account.

    We assume that constExpSo is a point

    """

    constExpAsRnSa = pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_so_sa(constExpSo)

    return(min_mpfr_size(get_rn_value(constExpAsRnSa)))

def pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp(sollyaExpSo, realField = RR):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa. """

    return(pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(sollyaExpSo, \

                                                     realField = RR))

def pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(sollyaExpSo, realFieldSa = RR):

    """

    Get a Sage expression from a Sollya expression.

    Currently only tested with polynomials with floating-point coefficients.

    Notice that, in the returned polynomial, the exponents are RealNumbers.

    """

    #pobyso_autoprint(sollyaExp)

    operatorSa = pobyso_get_head_function_so_sa(sollyaExpSo)

    sollyaLibFreeVariableName = sollya_lib_get_free_variable_name()

    # Constants and the free variable are special cases.

    # All other operator are dealt with in the same way.

    if (operatorSa != SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CONSTANT) and \

       (operatorSa != SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FREE_VARIABLE):

        (aritySa, subexpressionsSa) = pobyso_get_subfunctions_so_sa(sollyaExpSo)

        if aritySa == 1:

            sageExpSa = eval(pobyso_function_type_as_string_so_sa(operatorSa) + \

            "(" + pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(subexpressionsSa[0], \

            realFieldSa) + ")")

        elif aritySa == 2:

            # We do not get through the preprocessor.

            # The "^" operator is then a special case.

            if operatorSa == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_POW:

                operatorAsStringSa = "**"

            else:

                operatorAsStringSa = \

                    pobyso_function_type_as_string_so_sa(operatorSa)

            sageExpSa = \

              eval("pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(subexpressionsSa[0], realFieldSa)"\

              + " " + operatorAsStringSa + " " + \

                   "pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(subexpressionsSa[1], realFieldSa)")

        # We do not know yet how to deal with arity >= 3

        # (is there any in Sollya anyway?).

        else:

            sageExpSa = eval('None')

        return(sageExpSa)

    elif operatorSa == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_CONSTANT:

        #print "This is a constant"

        return pobyso_get_constant_as_rn_with_rf_so_sa(sollyaExpSo, realFieldSa)

    elif operatorSa == SOLLYA_BASE_FUNC_FREE_VARIABLE:

        #print "This is free variable"

        return(eval(sollyaLibFreeVariableName))

    else:

        print "Unexpected"

        return eval('None')

# End pobyso_get_sage_poly_from_sollya_poly

def pobyso_get_poly_sa_so(polySo, realFieldSa=None):

    """

    Create a Sollya polynomial from a Sage polynomial.

    """

    pass

# pobyso_get_poly_sa_so

def pobyso_get_poly_so_sa(polySo, realFieldSa=None):

    """

    Convert a Sollya polynomial into a Sage polynomial.

    We assume that the polynomial is in canonical form.

    If no realField is given, a RealField corresponding to the maximum precision

    of the coefficients is internally computed.

    It is not returned but can be easily retrieved from the polynomial itself.

    Main steps:

    - (optional) compute the RealField of the coefficients;

    - convert the Sollya expression into a Sage expression;

    - convert the Sage expression into a Sage polynomial

    TODO: the canonical thing for the polynomial.

    """

    if realFieldSa is None:

        expressionPrecSa = pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa(polySo)

        realFieldSa = RealField(expressionPrecSa)

    #print "Sollya expression before...",

    #pobyso_autoprint(polySo)

    expressionSa = pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(polySo, \

                                                             realFieldSa)

    #print "...Sollya expression after.",

    #pobyso_autoprint(polySo)

    polyVariableSa = expressionSa.variables()[0]

    polyRingSa = realFieldSa[str(polyVariableSa)]

    #print polyRingSa

    # Do not use the polynomial(expressionSa, ring=polyRingSa) form!

    polynomialSa = polyRingSa(expressionSa)

    return(polynomialSa)

# End pobyso_get_sage_poly_from_sollya_poly

def pobyso_get_subfunctions(expressionSo):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_subfunctions_so_sa. """

    return(pobyso_get_subfunctions_so_sa(expressionSo))

def pobyso_get_subfunctions_so_sa(expressionSo):

    """

    Get the subfunctions of an expression.

    Return the number of subfunctions and the list of subfunctions addresses.

    S.T.: Could not figure out another way than that ugly list of declarations

    to recover the addresses of the subfunctions.

    We limit ourselves to arity 8 functions.

    """

    subf0 = c_int(0)

    subf1 = c_int(0)

    subf2 = c_int(0)

    subf3 = c_int(0)

    subf4 = c_int(0)

    subf5 = c_int(0)

    subf6 = c_int(0)

    subf7 = c_int(0)

    subf8 = c_int(0)

    arity = c_int(0)

    nullPtr = POINTER(c_int)()

    sollya_lib_get_subfunctions(expressionSo, byref(arity), \

      byref(subf0), byref(subf1), byref(subf2), byref(subf3), \

      byref(subf4), byref(subf5),\

      byref(subf6), byref(subf7), byref(subf8), nullPtr, None)

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[0], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[0], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[2], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[3], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[4], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[5], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[6], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[7], POINTER(c_int))), \

#    byref(cast(subfunctions[8], POINTER(c_int))), nullPtr)

    subfunctions = [subf0, subf1, subf2, subf3, subf4, subf5, subf6, subf7, \

                    subf8]

    subs = []

    if arity.value > pobyso_max_arity:

        return(0,[])

    for i in xrange(arity.value):

        subs.append(int(subfunctions[i].value))

        #print subs[i]

    return(int(arity.value), subs)

def pobyso_get_prec():

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_prec_so_sa(). """

    return(pobyso_get_prec_so_sa())

def pobyso_get_prec_so():

    """

    Get the current default precision in Sollya.

    The return value is a Sollya object.

    Usefull when modifying the precision back and forth by avoiding

    extra conversions.

    """

    return(sollya_lib_get_prec(None))

def pobyso_get_prec_so_sa():

    """

    Get the current default precision in Sollya.

    The return value is Sage/Python int.

    """

    precSo = sollya_lib_get_prec(None)

    precSa = c_int(0)

    sollya_lib_get_constant_as_int(byref(precSa), precSo)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(precSo)

    return(int(precSa.value))

# End pobyso_get_prec_so_sa.

def pobyso_get_prec_of_constant(ctExpSo):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_get_prec_of_constant_so_sa. """

    return(pobyso_get_prec_of_constant_so_sa(ctExpSo))

def pobyso_get_prec_of_constant_so_sa(ctExpSo):

    prec = c_int(0)

    retc = sollya_lib_get_prec_of_constant(byref(prec), ctExpSo, None)

    if retc == 0:

        return(None)

    return(int(prec.value))

def pobyso_get_prec_of_range_so_sa(rangeSo):

    prec = c_int(0)

    retc = sollya_lib_get_prec_of_range(byref(prec), rangeSo, None)

    if retc == 0:

        return(None)

    return(int(prec.value))

def pobyso_infnorm_so_so(func, interval, file = None, intervalList = None):

    print "Do not use this function. User pobyso_supnorm_so_so instead."

    return(None)

def pobyso_interval_to_range_sa_so(intervalSa, precisionSa=None):

    if precisionSa is None:

        precisionSa = intervalSa.parent().precision()

    intervalSo = pobyso_bounds_to_range_sa_so(intervalSa.lower(),\

                                              intervalSa.upper(),\

                                              precisionSa)

    return(intervalSo)

# End pobyso_interval_to_range_sa_so

def pobyso_lib_init():

    sollya_lib_init(None)

def pobyso_name_free_variable(freeVariableNameSa):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_name_free_variable_sa_so. """

    pobyso_name_free_variable_sa_so(freeVariableNameSa)

def pobyso_name_free_variable_sa_so(freeVariableNameSa):

    """

    Set the free variable name in Sollya from a Sage string.

    """

    sollya_lib_name_free_variable(freeVariableNameSa)

def pobyso_parse_string(string):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_parse_string_sa_so. """

    return(pobyso_parse_string_sa_so(string))

def pobyso_parse_string_sa_so(string):

    """

    Get the Sollya expression computed from a Sage string.

    """

    return(sollya_lib_parse_string(string))

def pobyso_range(rnLowerBound, rnUpperBound):

    """ Legacy function. See pobyso_range_sa_so. """

    return(pobyso_range_sa_so(rnLowerBound, rnUpperBound))

def pobyso_range_to_interval_so_sa(rangeSo, realIntervalFieldSa = None):

    """

    Get a Sage interval from a Sollya range.

    If no realIntervalField is given as a parameter, the Sage interval

    precision is that of the Sollya range.

    Otherwise, the precision is that of the realIntervalField. In this case

    rounding may happen.

    """

    if realIntervalFieldSa is None:

        precSa = pobyso_get_prec_of_range_so_sa(rangeSo)

        realIntervalFieldSa = RealIntervalField(precSa)

    intervalSa = \

        pobyso_get_interval_from_range_so_sa(rangeSo, realIntervalFieldSa)

    return(intervalSa)

def pobyso_remez_canonical_sa_sa(func, \

                                 degree, \

                                 lowerBound, \

                                 upperBound, \

                                 weight = None, \

                                 quality = None):

    """

    All arguments are Sage/Python.

    The functions (func and weight) must be passed as expressions or strings.

    Otherwise the function fails.

    The return value is a Sage polynomial.

    """

    var('zorglub')    # Dummy variable name for type check only. Type of

    # zorglub is "symbolic expression".

    polySo = pobyso_remez_canonical_sa_so(func, \

                                 degree, \

                                 lowerBound, \

                                 upperBound, \

                                 weight, \

                                 quality)

    # String test

    if parent(func) == parent("string"):

        functionSa = eval(func)

    # Expression test.

    elif type(func) == type(zorglub):

        functionSa = func

    else:

        return None

    #

    maxPrecision = 0

    if polySo is None:

        return(None)

    maxPrecision = pobyso_get_max_prec_of_exp_so_sa(polySo)

    RRRRSa = RealField(maxPrecision)

    polynomialRingSa = RRRRSa[functionSa.variables()[0]]

    expSa = pobyso_get_sage_exp_from_sollya_exp_so_sa(polySo, RRRRSa)

    polySa = polynomial(expSa, polynomialRingSa)

    sollya_lib_clear_obj(polySo)

    return(polySa)